Appendix

            Table 1 lists eight four-word sets of test and practice stimuli. These sets were randomly assigned to different Latin Squares, so that each of the four words within a set (1) occurred exactly once in each of the four positions in a stimulus sequence; and (2) was a probe once in each of the four sequences defined by the Latin Square. Table 2 lists the pseudo-randomized trial sequence used for all participants, in which any given four-word set was repeated after 8 trials using a different sequence.


 

Table 1. Four-word sets of test and practice stimuli (word frequency given by Thorndike and Lorge, 1944).
Set #Test Stimuli
1DUCK (49)GOAT (50)GOOSE (45)WOLF (50)
2CLOCK (50)FORK (31)SPOON (33)STOOL (16)
3BASKET (50)CANDLE (43)HAMMER (34)PENCIL (40)
4ALMOND (8)CARROT (9)MELON (5)PEANUT (7)
5 BEACH (50)CLOUD (100)FIELD (100)PLANT (100)
6BOOT (37)DRESS (100)SHIRT (47)SHOE (100)
7BELL (50)CARD (50)DESK (50)LOCK (50)
8CAMEL (18)EAGLE (38)MONKEY (23)TIGER (30)
 Practice Stimuli
9ANKLE (21)CHALK (13)FLUTE (9)JUICE (37)
10ARM (100)BOX (100)DOG (100)LEG (100)
11OCEAN (100)RECORD (100)WAGON (50)WINTER (100)
12BREAD (50)FENCE (50)MATCH (50)SKIRT (50)
13FINGER (100)MOUNTAIN (100)TABLE (100)WATER (100)
14BARN (45)BUSH (50)DEER (35)LAMP (50)
15LETTER (100)PAPER (100)RIVER (100)SHOULDER (100)
16APPLE (50)ENGINE (50)FLOWER (100)HOTEL (50)



 

Table 2. Pseudo-randomized trial sequence consisting of one 8-trial practice block and four 32-trial experimental blocks. Each trial consisted of an intial 4-word sequence, followed by a delay period and a probe word.
TrialWord 1Word 2Word 3Word 4 Probe WordCorrect
        
 Practice Block 
-8fenceskirtmatchbread match3
-7tablemountainfingerwater table1
-6deerbushbarnlamp lamp4
-5riverletterpapershoulder paper3
-4flowerengineapplehotel engine2
-3chalkflutejuiceankle chalk1
-2legboxarmdog arm3
-1winterrecordoceanwagon wagon4
        
 Block #1 
1wolfgoosegoatduck duck4
2clockstoolforkspoon stool2
3hammercandlepencilbasket hammer1
4carrotalmondpeanutmelon peanut3
5plantbeachcloudfield plant1
6dressshoebootshirt shirt4
7bellcarddesklock desk3
8tigermonkeycameleagle monkey2
9gooseduckwolfgoat goose1
10stoolspoonclockfork clock3
11candlebaskethammerpencil pencil4
12almondmeloncarrotpeanut melon2
13beachfieldplantcloud cloud4
14shoeshirtdressboot shoe1
15cardlockbelldesk lock2
16monkeyeagletigercamel tiger3
17duckgoatgoosewolf wolf4
18spoonforkstoolclock fork2
19basketpencilcandlehammer basket1
20melonpeanutalmondcarrot almond3
21fieldcloudbeachplant field1
22shirtbootshoedress dress4
23lockdeskcardbell card3
24eaglecamelmonkeytiger camel2
25goatwolfduckgoose goat1
26forkclockspoonstool spoon3
27pencilhammerbasketcandle candle4
28peanutcarrotmelonalmond carrot2
29cloudplantfieldbeach beach4
30bootdressshirtshoe boot1
31deskbelllockcard bell2
32cameltigereaglemonkey eagle3
        
 Block #2 
33wolfgoosegoatduck goose2
34clockstoolforkspoon clock1
35hammercandlepencilbasket pencil3
36carrotalmondpeanutmelon melon4
37plantbeachcloudfield cloud3
38dressshoebootshirt shoe2
39bellcarddesklock lock4
40tigermonkeycameleagle tiger1
41gooseduckwolfgoat goat4
42stoolspoonclockfork spoon2
43candlebaskethammerpencil candle1
44almondmeloncarrotpeanut carrot3
45beachfieldplantcloud beach1
46shoeshirtdressboot boot4
47cardlockbelldesk bell3
48monkeyeagletigercamel eagle2
49duckgoatgoosewolf duck1
50spoonforkstoolclock stool3
51basketpencilcandlehammer hammer4
52melonpeanutalmondcarrot peanut2
53fieldcloudbeachplant plant4
54shirtbootshoedress shirt1
55lockdeskcardbell desk2
56eaglecamelmonkeytiger monkey3
57goatwolfduckgoose wolf2
58forkclockspoonstool fork1
59pencilhammerbasketcandle basket3
60peanutcarrotmelonalmond almond4
61cloudplantfieldbeach field3
62bootdressshirtshoe dress2
63deskbelllockcard card4
64cameltigereaglemonkey camel1
        
 Block #3 
65wolfgoosegoatduck goat3
66clockstoolforkspoon spoon4
67hammercandlepencilbasket candle2
68carrotalmondpeanutmelon carrot1
69plantbeachcloudfield beach2
70dressshoebootshirt boot3
71bellcarddesklock bell1
72tigermonkeycameleagle eagle4
73gooseduckwolfgoat wolf3
74stoolspoonclockfork fork4
75candlebaskethammerpencil basket2
76almondmeloncarrotpeanut almond1
77beachfieldplantcloud field2
78shoeshirtdressboot dress3
79cardlockbelldesk card1
80monkeyeagletigercamel camel4
81duckgoatgoosewolf goose3
82spoonforkstoolclock clock4
83basketpencilcandlehammer pencil2
84melonpeanutalmondcarrot melon1
85fieldcloudbeachplant cloud2
86shirtbootshoedress shoe3
87lockdeskcardbell lock1
88eaglecamelmonkeytiger tiger4
89goatwolfduckgoose duck3
90forkclockspoonstool stool4
91pencilhammerbasketcandle hammer2
92peanutcarrotmelonalmond peanut1
93cloudplantfieldbeach plant2
94bootdressshirtshoe shirt3
95deskbelllockcard desk1
96cameltigereaglemonkey monkey4
        
 Block #4 
97wolfgoosegoatduck wolf1
98clockstoolforkspoon fork3
99hammercandlepencilbasket basket4
100carrotalmondpeanutmelon almond2
101plantbeachcloudfield field4
102dressshoebootshirt dress1
103bellcarddesklock card2
104tigermonkeycameleagle camel3
105gooseduckwolfgoat duck2
106stoolspoonclockfork stool1
107candlebaskethammerpencil hammer3
108almondmeloncarrotpeanut peanut4
109beachfieldplantcloud plant3
110shoeshirtdressboot shirt2
111cardlockbelldesk desk4
112monkeyeagletigercamel monkey1
113duckgoatgoosewolf goat2
114spoonforkstoolclock spoon1
115basketpencilcandlehammer candle3
116melonpeanutalmondcarrot carrot4
117fieldcloudbeachplant beach3
118shirtbootshoedress boot2
119lockdeskcardbell bell4
120eaglecamelmonkeytiger eagle1
121goatwolfduckgoose goose4
122forkclockspoonstool clock2
123pencilhammerbasketcandle pencil1
124peanutcarrotmelonalmond melon3
125cloudplantfieldbeach cloud1
126bootdressshirtshoe shoe4
127deskbelllockcard lock3
128cameltigereaglemonkey tiger2